India during rule from the British Essay

The East India Company established many things for India including telegraph, railroad, and irrigation systems. It also set up a large army called the Sepoys to defend its interests and India’s borders. The Sepoys were commanded by the British officers and were supported by the units of the British army. Although the Indians benefited from the British rule many resented British rule. The East India Company made sure that British colonist received most of the advantages from the new technology and industrialization. Indian factory workers and servants received very low wages. Farmers got very little for there harvest. Indians could not hold high level positions. Schools also taught English and Western ideas and paid little attention to the long history and advanced culture of India. Most of the appeal of Imperialism (when one government takes control over a foreign land and governs it as its own), most specifically British Imperialism was economic advancement; â€Å"to create large, self-sustaining trading blocks.† Britain exploited India, the crown jewel of their imperialist empire, for the export of many raw materials. In addition, they placed trade laws upon India that restricted its trade with countries other than Britain. India was eventually under the complete control, even the rule of Britain; you could even say that India was occupied by Britain, as there were both political figures, and military troops from Britain in India. Though they exploited India in a way that could have destroyed India’s economy, their presence helped boost India toward modernity with the construction of railroads and other new (at the time) technology. As the cotton trade declined, Britain, through the English East India Trading Company, forced many things upon India that brought them (Britain) economic benefit. They forced India to ship raw materials (such as spices and textiles) to Britain, rather than using them for their own production. The East India Company came to rise as the predominant trading company in all of India; Britain all but formally established a government in India (they even had their own army in association with the English East India Trading Company, in order to reinforce the laws set by the colonists). With the collapse of local governments, and the destruction of Indian factories and production companies, Britain’s gain of power in India became an easy task.  They in addition forced them to buy products imported from Britain that were made with the exported raw materials, rather than simply allowing them to produce the items themselves. At the same time, the English East India Trading Company participated in the illegal export of opium to China, resulting in the first â€Å"Opium War†, in which the Chinese were defeated, and the British trading rights were expanded. Before the establishment of English trading colonies in India, the prices they had to pay for Indian exports were extremely high, higher than they were willing to pay; through their control of the land, they were able to export these materials themselves. India was/is called â€Å"the brightest jewel in the imperial crown â€Å", and with control over India, the Indian Ocean, and parts of the African Coast, Britain maintained an incredibly large imperialist trading empire. The English justified their imperialist actions largely through Darwinism. Darwin stated in his works his idea of â€Å"Survival of the Fittest†. The English simply took this to mean that, as a result, they were so easily able to take control over India, that they were the stronger people, and therefore meant to be dominant. The second phase of British imperialism (which begins in 1858), is during a time of â€Å"Colonial Imperialism†. Colonial imperialism is when one government not only rules over a foreign land, but establishes an all out colonial government there, and runs the countries affairs. Members of the East India Company attempted to learn the languages of the Indians, but also tried to impose British culture upon the Indians. They encouraged the Indians to act like conformists and dress and act like them. In 1877, Queen Victoria was named the â€Å"Empress of India†. During this time, India was exploited for the exportation of even more raw materials such as spices, indigo dye, and textiles. Trade laws were reinforced, and the East India Company’s army enforced these laws. The Indians may have seen these acts as racist, as the British were obviously subordinating them. Once Britain had complete control of India, the construction of roads, railroads, and telephone/telegraph lines began. In 1869, the Suez Canal, an artificial water passage in Egypt which links the Mediterranean sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Red Sea all together, making trade in that area much easier) was opened, and increased India’s potential for trade dramatically. The British discouraged Indian  industry (obviously not wanting any competition over India’s raw materials, or exports), but encouraged production of crops that they could export for profit, rather than food crops for survival. In 1846, over five hundred-thousand Indians died from famine (in 1876-1879 ten million more Indians / Chinese people died from famine). The poverty level in India increased dramatically, as all of the profit went straight to British colonists. Britain’s Imperialism in India did have some positive effects on India itself. The English, during the time of their Empire, constructed large railroad systems in India, which connected factories inland with the coastal shipping ports; this railroad system was one of the most developed in the entire world. This rail system helped in the development of the trade industry in Indian, and also helped to prevent famines (food was transportable). The English also established a system of roads, as well as bridges, dams, and even irrigation ditches. They established centers for education, and the literacy rate in India increased significantly, as did health with the establishment of hospitals. With the newly trained professionals and businesspersons in India, a new upper class evolved. These positive effects did not come without a price. The British claimed all power over India, political and economic. The British’s export of crops left little for Indians to make money off of, and self-sufficiency suffered (especially since they were producing cash crops to sell to the colonists for minimum price, and didn’t even have time or land to produce their own food crops on). The Indians did not simply sit back and allow the British to walk all over them; as a result of growing resentment to the implied racism, and general control implemented by the British, the Indians revolted. In 1857, the Sepoys, a group of Indians hired by the English East India Company, revolted against the British. Through revolt, and others, followed by numerous Nationalist movements, Indians eventually gained independence for themselves in 1947. As it is shown, through the English East India Company, the British exploited India through direct and colonial imperialism, in order to bring Britain greater economic benefit. Britain came into India and just took control,  with no concern for the well-being of the Indians. They brought about the disintegration of Indian industry, and took advantage of India’s raw materials, and fertile land. Britain’s imperialist empire in the Indian subcontinent brought them countless economic benefits, as was the goal when they set out to establish such an empire; but more of the impact of this imperialism takes place in India. So much changes as a result of Britain’s empire. They left India with one of the worlds most advanced railroad systems (at that time), newly established schools and colleges, new hospitals and medical facilities, and new production factories, as well as a new feeling of class-consciousness. India was almost forced into a state of modernity through the presence of British imperialists. All of the positive effects Britain’s imperialism had on India were not intentional. Everything the British did in order to help India, was actually done in order to help themselves. The railroads, the telegraphs, the roads, the schools, all were done in order to further advance their own trading empire.

The American Abolitionists Book Review Essay - 1214 Words

Written by Harrold Stanley, American Abolitionists is a book that scrutinizes the movement of abolishing slavery in the United States. It examines the movement from its origin in the 18century in the course of the Civil War and the elimination of slavery in 1856. American Abolitionists book focuses on the American Abolitionists who struggled to end slavery and advocated for equal rights for all African Americans in the United States. Harrold mainly focuses his book on the abolitionist movement and the effect of slaves on its expansion. The book uncovers how abolitionist fought for the end of slavery and how they contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Abolitionist movements led to the emancipation of slaves and put an end to racial†¦show more content†¦Besides, he makes it clear that the Civil War was a turning point for black freedom and was facilitated by abolitionist movements. Harrold uses clear evidence to support his claims through using evidence gathered from relevant sources such as excerpts from abolitionist writings, and chapters on the origins of women’s rights and a chapter on abolitionist. He unravels the history of American antislavery movements through dedicated activists such as Frederick Douglass and his call for to enlist in the Union Army and John Woolman’s and his warnings to slaveholders. Being a professor of History, Stanley Harrold was able to do further research on his topics and give a provocative account on American abolitionist and how they helped end slavery. Stanley Harrold in his book makes his arguments very clear that blacks were important figures in defining resistance to slavery and developing the abolitionist movement which included both men and women. The abolitionist movements were pioneered by blacks both slaves and free and they struggled against slavery because they were the most affected by the slavery ins titution. Stanley wrote this book to make it known that American abolitionist movements were the most important reform movements in the United States history. Moreover, he wanted to make it clear that it was through these movements and abolitionism that the slavery doctrine came to an end and all the slaves were set free. The slave population in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Abolitionist Movement and The Civil Rights Movement Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the history of the United States there have been many reform movements that have molded the culture we live in today. The rights that we as Americans enjoy today can be credited to the people who fought for more rights and a better way of life. Two reform movements that have changed America for the better are the Abolitionist Movement and the Civil Rights Movement. Around the 1820’s the feeling of legal slavery was changing in the United States. The south dependedRead More Response of Fredrick Douglass to Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe964 Words   |  4 PagesFredrick Douglass Response to Uncle Toms Cabin      Ã‚   Frederick Douglass was arguably the most prominent African American abolitionist during the mid-19th century. He established his notoriety through his narrative entitled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave published in 1845. Frederick Douglass also produced an African American newspaper, Frederick Douglass Paper, which highlighted the reception and critiques of Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin. FrederickRead MoreSlavery and Abolition Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesStates of America. From 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery was allowed within our country. Slavery abolitionists attempted to end slavery, which at some point; they were successful at doing so. This paper will take the reader a lot of different directions, it will look at slavery in a legal aspect along the lines of the constitution and the thirteenth amendment, and it will also discuss how abolitionists tried to end slavery. This paper will also discuss how slaves were being taken away from their familiesRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Life And Legacy1528 Words   |  7 Pages An American essayist, naturalist, poet, historian, pencil maker, surveyor, philosopher, and abolitionist Henry David Thoreau was and still is an inspiration to many readers around the world. By immersing himself into nature he hoped to gain more of a keen understanding of society through his own personal inspection. Living in simplicity and self sufficiency were other goals of Thoreau. This lifestyle was inspired by the transcendentalist philosophy, a popular custom during the American RomanticRead MoreThe Fiery Trial Book Review Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Anthony Romanelli Dr. Clemons AMH2020 9:05-9:55 AM â€Å"The Fiery Trial† Book Review By the time Lincoln took the oath of office on March 4, 1861, he addressed a divided nation (Ch. 5 pg. 164). The United States was going through hard times of dealing with slavery in the 1800’s. Slavery was the hot topic in politics of that time period just as the debate over abortion or gay marriage is today. The issue over slavery really grew in the early 1860’s; around the time President Abraham Lincoln took officeRead MoreA Review of American Negro Slavery by Ulrich B. Phillips Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesA Review of American Negro Slavery by Ulrich B. Phillips Phillips book is an attempt to provide an overview of the practice and institutions of slavery in the Americas from its beginnings to the 19th century. Writing in 1918, Phillips hoped to provide an account of slavery based upon historical evidence and modern methods of research, rather than ideological motivations. He drew his evidence from the plantation records and letters of slave owners; contemporary travel accounts; court recordsRead MoreAnalysis Of Demarginalizing The Intersection Of Race And Sex849 Words   |  4 PagesAntidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics,† I would like to start my critical review essay by mentioning the Black feminist studies book entitled â€Å"All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave.† Having this idea of problematic predisposition to treat race and gender as mutually exclusive entities in mind, I would like to review Angela Davis’s book entitled â€Å"Women, Race, an d Class†, and compare my findings to Kimberle Crenshaw’s groundbreaking articleRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1058 Words   |  5 PagesHuckleberry Finn is an american literature written by Mark Twain which has been debated on whether or not it should be banned. Huck Finn displays multiple displays of racism, slavery, and graphic situation which cause friction among critics. Which bring us to many situations of critics to come to our conclusion. For instance one critic wrote,  ¨Jim is at the mercy of white characters in the novel, most of which are morally inferior to him. Jim must follow Huck s schemes and adventures, such asRead MoreAmistad: The Double Nature of Slavery Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesAmistad is a 1997 movie that portrays the 1839 mutiny aboard an illegal slave ship called La Amistad. It focuses on the 1841 Supreme Court case where the American justice system is giving the job of deciding what is supposed to happen to the Africans aboard La Amistad, the ship’s captains, the ships and all of the other property aboard the ship. Leading to the rebellion aboard La Amistad, the main character, Cinque’ and a number of his fellow Africans had been illegal stolen and were being broughtRead MoreNo Good Slavery Harriet Stowe’s Novel, Uncle Toms Cabin 1946 Words   |  8 Pagesdifficulties. Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American abolitionist who wrote the famous fictional novel, â€Å"Uncle To m’s Cabin.† Her views as an abolitionist, and the state of the South during her time were substantial factors in her creation of art. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was influenced by the current state of the South along with the abolitionist movement, and it exposed the horrors of slavery to the North, instilling sympathy and inspiration in whoever read the book. The creative process is affected by many

Why Is Wind Speed Slower Over Land than Over Ocean

The winds, whether generated by a coastal storm or an afternoon summer sea breeze, blow faster over the ocean than over the land because there is not as much friction over the water. The land has mountains, coastal barriers, trees, human-made structures, and sediments that cause a resistance to the wind flow. The oceans do not have these impediments, which impart friction, therefore; the wind can blow at a greater velocity. Wind is the movement of air. The instrument used to measure wind speed is called an anemometer. Most anemometers consist of cups attached to a support that allows them to spin in the wind. The anemometer rotates at the same speed as the wind. It gives a direct measure of the speed of the wind. Wind speed is measured by using the Beaufort Scale. How to Teach Students About Wind Directions The following online game will help students learn how wind directions are designated, with links to static diagrams that can be printed and displayed on an overhead projector.   Materials include anemometers, a large coastal relief map, an electric fan, clay, carpet sections, boxes, and large rocks (optional). Place a large coastal map on the floor or distribute individual maps to students working in groups. Ideally, try and use a relief map with high elevations. Most students will enjoy making their own relief maps by modeling clay into the shapes of mountains, and other coastal geological features, pieces of shag carpet can be used for grassland, small model houses or just boxes representing buildings or other coastal structures can also be placed on the map’s land area. Whether constructed by the students or purchased from a supplier, make sure that the ocean area is flat and the land area is sufficient evaluation to obscure the ammeter that will be placed on the landmass from direct contact with the generated wind that will blow in from the ocean. An electric fan is placed on the area of the map designated as the â€Å"Ocean.† Next place one anemometer on the place designated as the ocean and another anemometer on the land area behind the various obstructions. When the fan is turned, on the anemometer cups will spin  based on the air speed generated by the fan. It will become immediately obvious to the class that there is a visible difference in wind speed based on the location of the measuring instrument. If you use a commercial anemometer with wind speed readings display capabilities, have the students recorded the wind speed for both instruments. Ask individual students to explain why there is a difference. They should state that evaluation above sea level and the topography of the land’s surface offers resistance to the wind’s speed and rate of movement. Emphasize that winds blow faster over the ocean because, there are no natural barriers to cause friction whereas, the winds over land blow slower because the natural land objects cause friction. Coastal Barrier Exercise Coastal barriers islands are unique landforms that provide protection for diverse aquatic habitats and serve as coastal mainlands first line of defense against the impacts of severe storms and erosion. Have the students examine a photo-image of coastal barriers and make clay models of the landform. Repeat the same procedure using the fan and the anemometers. This visual activity will reinforce how these unique natural barriers help slow down the wind speeds of coastal storms and thereby help moderate some of the damage caused that these storms can inflict. Conclusion and Assessment Once all the students have completed the activity discuss with the class their results and the rationale for their answers. Enrichment and Reinforcement Activity As an extension assignment and for reinforcement purposes students can construct homemade anemometers.   The following web resource shows the onshore wind flow pattern from the Pacific Ocean in real time, over the central California coast.   Students will conduct a simulation exercise that will help them understand that winds blow faster over the ocean than over coastal land because natural land objects (mountains, coastal barriers, trees, etc.) cause friction.

All Quiet On The Western Front - 1371 Words

All quiet on the Western Front is a book written by Erich Maria Remarque about the frontlines of Germany during WWI, while Omissi’s Indian Voices of the Great War: Soldiers’ Letters is a series of letters written by soldiers and their loved ones describing what they went through on the front lines for the allies as well as at home. Both of these sources describe what it was like to live and fight during the war both from the side of the allies and the Germans. While these sources share a common topic, the frontline and life during WWI, the soldiers took very different stances on the war, their superiors and what they were really fighting for. All Quiet on the Western Front begins with a company of German soldiers who have been deployed†¦show more content†¦The difference is, how long each of these sides kept their respective thoughts on the war and what their superiors did to try and raise the moral of their troops. Paul and his friends had what they thought to be an unnecessarily cruel corporal in charge of them, Corporal Himmeltoss. He had them do many things such as march for hours, sing and then punish them for not singing well enough and wash the barracks. In one instance Corporal Himmeltoss forced two bed wetters, one of which was Paul’s friend Tjarden, to alternate sleeping on the bottom bunk beneath each other so that they would essentially urinate on each other. Because of this, many of the soldiers in his company despised him. Paul, Tjarden and some other soldiers actually end up devising a plan to jump him on his morning walk and beat him up for revenge. On the side of the Indians however, many of the officers were much more kind and their superiors also reacted once morale started to fall. Earlier in the war, near the end of 1915, two groups of Indian infantrymen were withdrawn from France due to the thought that their morale would not survive the harsh winter of France. Many sepoys wrote about how they were ready they were to get back home and often times told their family and friends not to enlist. Others on the other hand tried to ease their family’s worries and tell them that all was well. The story was very different for the sepoy cavalrymen. They often welcomed the sight of battle and were excitedShow MoreRelatedAll Quiet of the Western Front756 Words   |  3 PagesPlot Summary: All Quiet on the Western Front Written by Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front is the tale of a young man by the name of Paul. Paul who is nineteen years old gathers several of his friends from school and together they voluntarily join the army fighting for the Axis alliance. Before they are sent off into actual battle, they are faced with the brutal training camp. Along with this they face the cruelty of the life of a soldier. This made them question the reason forRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front700 Words   |  3 PagesThe greatest war novel of all time, All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is a novel that depicted the hardships of a group of teenagers who enlisted in the German Army during World War 1. Enlisting right out of high school forced the teens to experience things they had never thought of. From the life of a soilder on the front line to troubles with home life, war had managed to once again destroy a group of teenagers. Throughout the novel, we saw the men of the Second CompanyRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1797 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: All Quiet on the Western Front Creator: Erich Maria Remarque Date of Publication: 1929 Class: War Novel Anecdotal Information about Author: -Erich Maria Remarque was conceived on 22 June 1898 into a working people family in the German city of Osnabrà ¼ck to Peter Franz Remark (b. 14 June 1867, Kaiserswerth) and Anna Maria (nà ©e Stallknecht; conceived 21 November 1871, Katernberg). -During World War I, Remarque was recruited into the armed force at 18 years old. On 12 June 1917, heRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front943 Words   |  4 Pages The book All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is about a group of 19 year old young men who are changed by the ways of war. There is paul: the main character; Tjaden: a tall, skinny locksmith, also the biggest eater; Albert Kropp: a lance-corporal and the clearest thinker; Muller: studious, intelligent, and likes school; Leer: has a preference for the girls from the prostitution houses and has a beard; Haie Westhus: a peat-digger, and big in size; Deterring: a peasant, he alwaysRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2393 Words   |  10 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front: Book Review Erich Maria Remarque, author of All Quiet on the Western Front, actually fought in WWI (Remarque 297). Because of this, he was able to write this book with accurate depictions of the war. He writes how being in combat can really take a toll on a person and affect them in a negative way. He also writes of the pain and suffering that the soldiers must cope with that comes along with living in constant fear and danger. When looking at the title of theRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2085 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider the different effects created by Erich Maria Remarque in his novel All Quiet on the Western Front. As a writer, Remarque unknowingly left his novel open to readers with completely different perspectives, and to various forms of criticism. This undoubtedly meant that every single reader had been affected by the novel in many different ways which unfortunately for Remarque may have been an effect that he never intended. This essay is divided into 5 main sections. Firstly itRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Erich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, human nature is the only abstract periphery between belligerent barbarism and justifiable violence. Through the insipid bombardments that rained shells over the Germans’ heads and noxious implementation of mustard gas, Remarque dexterously misleads the reader into believing that he fights in an apathetic war where all remnants of human nature and identity have been destroyed with the introduction of trench warfare. Through Paul Baumer’sRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1509 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"He fell in October 1918, on a day that was so quiet and still on the whole front, that the army report confined itself to a single sentence: All quiet on the Western Front† (Remarque 296). Paul Baumer, the narrator of All Quiet on the Western Front, enlisted into the German army at a young age of nineteen with a group of friends from school. Kantorek, Paul’s teacher, â€Å"gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went, under his shepherding, to the District Commandant and volunteered† (RemarqueRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, soldiers at the front have a better idea than civilians of the true n ature of war because they have experienced the war while civilians have only read about it or listened to government propaganda. Remarque is trying to tell us that only those who experience the war can understand how awful war truly is. In All Quiet on the Western Front, the main character Paul goes back to his home, the people he meets still think that the Germans are winningRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1790 Words   |  8 Pagessmell of cigar smoke, gunpowder, and dirt that filled the air. There was no nationalism; all Paul wanted was survival. World War I was supposed to be about nationalism and the propaganda forced upon the soldiers to feel superiority over other countries, but Paul helps to prove otherwise, as his story tells what is was like to be at the front, and how tough it was to be a soldier. â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† portrays war as it was actually experienced, replacing the romantic picture of glory and

Medical Laboratory Technologist Free Essays

Have you ever wondered what a Medical Laboratory Technologist does? Well, a Medical Laboratory Technologist performs essential laboratory testing that is critical to the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. To define the work of a Medical Laboratory Technologist, this paper will discuss the job itself and its working conditions, the skills and schooling needed for success, a salary range and pathways to advance in the field, and the further job opportunities predicted for the career area. Well, a Medical Laboratory Technologist, also known as clinical laboratory technologists they examine and analyze body fluids and cells. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Laboratory Technologist or any similar topic only for you Order Now They look for different types of bacteria, parasites, other microorganisms, body fluids of chemical content, and many others procedures. Their conditions they are trained to work with different infectious specimens. They are to follow the Standard Precautions, which include wearing your personal protective equipment (PPE) consists of gloves, masks, goggles, and gowns. Medical Laboratory Technologist works in different sizes and employment setting. Usually medical laboratory technologist keep their areas clean, but their time when specimen solutions are being used, they spend lots of hours on their feet. And work in different hours depending of work area they in. To be a medical laboratory technologist one’s usual requirements is to have a bachelor’s degree with a major in medical technology or life sciences. And an associate degree and completion of accredited medical laboratory technician program. Read this  Respiratory Activity Well a medical laboratory technologist skill is to know problem solving to be able to perform plenty of tests and need to be able to assess further tests. Must be able to know how to use lab equipment to conduct performance checks and to maintain lab equipment. So they must be trained in order to be able to use the equipments. Know how to read the specimens and lab results of patients. Must have a good judgment, good communication skills, having respect of safety regulations, to work in a team, and to work under pressure at all times. The advancement that medical laboratory technologist the range is $45,700 for staff to $66,500 for managers. â€Å"The median annual wages for medical technologists were $53,500 as of May 2008. The highest 10 percent were paid more than $74,690, while the lowest 10 percent were paid less than $36,180. The middle 50 percent were paid between $44,560 and $63,430†. A different branch of medical laboratory technologist has different wages for example: Cytotechnologist in the hospital it $27. 55, a private clinic its $28. 75, and physician’s office laboratory is $26. 4. The benefit of being medical laboratory technologist is. The job outlook on medical laboratory technologist is it growing very rapidly and excellent job opportunities are very expected. It expected to grow â€Å"by 14 percent between 2008 and 2018, faster than the average for all occupations†. But it said â€Å"hospitals are expected to continue to be the major employer of clinical laboratory workers, employment is expected also to grow rapidly in medical laboratory, offices of physicians and other ambulatory health care services†. And also their jobs in molecular diagnostics, molecular biotechnology companies, in vitro fertilization laboratories, and research laboratories. The work of a Medical Laboratory Technologist is very demanding and must be focus at all times in order to get the correct results and complex. Why understanding the aspects of the career mentioned above is important for the person building a resume for success in this field, because it important for the person to understand the concept the career if he or she wishes to go into that career for long-term to get fully understanding of this jobs. How to cite Medical Laboratory Technologist, Papers

Ethical Issues and Social Accountability In Accounting

Question : Groups are to research one specific issue of their choice relating to accounting related ethics and social accountibility that is prominent in today's Australian Business Environment. As a result of their research groups need to develop a report format response detailing the issue, including examples and explaining the implications for various stakeholders. The response should conclude with supported specific recommendations as to how organisations and their accounting advisors should proceed in light of the analysis. Answer : Introduction We need to report out a Comparison of two different companies form the same industry listed in Australian stock exchange. For this analysis we have chosen: Caltex Australia limited Austex Oil Limited To do the necessary comparisons, the two companies chosen are from the same industry i.e. Oil exploration. Executive Summary Caltex Australia limited is the parent company of the Caltex Australia Group. This entity is listed on the Australia Stock Exchange (ASX). Caltex is operating in Australia from more than 100 years. This Company is known in Australia for providing on-going, reliable, safe and efficient fuel supply to our customers. This group controls many other wholly owned entities and other companies including Caltex Australia Petroleum Pty Ltd, Caltex Refineries (NSW) Pty Ltd, Caltex Refineries (Qld) Pty Ltd, Caltex Petroleum Services Pty Ltd and Calstores Pty Ltd. Companies 50% of the shares of Caltex is owned by Chevron. Caltex is one of Australia's leading transport fuel suppliers and convenience retailers. Caltex decision making relies in the hand of Caltex Board and management. The employee strength of the Company extends to more than 3700 employees working all over the country with head office in Sydney. The principal activities of Caltex includes purchase, refining, distribution and marketing of petroleum products and operating convenience stores throughout the country. This Company has two oil refineries one at Kurnell refinery in Sydney and another at Lytton refinery in Brisbane. These refineries are engaged in the production of petrol, diesel and jet fuel. Along with the above products small amounts of fuel oil and specialty products, liquid Petroleum gas (LPG) and other gases are also produced by these refineries. Caltex is also involved in marketing of refined products that it buys from the open market both overseas and locally, and along with the main products that Caltex refines across retail and commercial channels. These products are reaches to the customers via a network of pipelines, terminals, depots and company-owned and contracted transport fleets. (Annual Report of Caltex Australia, 2013) On the other hand, Austex oil limited is an oil and gas producing Company with its major operations in Oklahoma and Kansas, in the mid-continent of the United States of America. This Company though its two wholly owned subsidiaries, International Energy Corporation (Oklahoma) and International Energy Corporation (Northern Oklahoma) operates lease in Oklahoma. This Company with the passage of time is in the process of raising development capital in order to quire and develop oil and gas lease in USA. At Oklahoma site the oil and gas production is expected to increase as the company continues to develop new wells with an intention of growth. At this site the Company has in total drilled 18 new Vertical production wells (not all were producing during the year) during the year and 3 new Salt Water Disposals well and production hub was completed. In Kansas site, the oil and gas project are held by International Energy Corporation (Kansas) (IEC-KS) in a joint working interest arrangement with Castle Resources LLC, which is the operator of the leases. The Company during the year was engaged in the drilling of 3 additional wells. (Annual Report of Austex Oil Limited, 2013) Discussions Both the Companies i.e. Caltex Australia limited and Austex Oil Limited are listed in the Australian Stock exchange. However, Caltex Australia limited has its major operations in Australia, the Austex Oil Limited has is operations in USA. Both these Companies belong from the same industry but there is different in the operations. Caltex limited in involved in purchase, refining, distribution and marketing of petroleum products and the operation of convenience stores means this Company through its stores deals directly with the end user that is the consumers. On the other hand the Austex limited is involved in exploring oil and gas with selling its end products to other companies. So Austex doesnt deal directly with the end users. While reviewing the accounting policies of Caltex limited, it is noticed that it complies with the environmental provisions applicable on the company. All the necessary accruals related to environment is been made and these accruals re adjusted based on further information and circumstances. If any recovery is been made from the third party same is been accounted for when it is certain that the amount will be recovered. Any cost that has been incurred in complying with the environmental regulations and on-going maintenance and monitoring are expensed as they are incurred. On the other hand in case of Austex Limited, the meeting of environmental regulations at the same time is more important being they are involved in extraction and use of natural resources. Any environmental expenditure incurred by the company that prevents any future contamination or that costs lead to any improvement in the environmental safety or increases the efficiency of the existing assets, then the cost so involved will be capitalised. If nay accrual is being booked for any environmental liabilities, the accrual will be based on estimated future expected cost. When it comes towards the corporate social responsibility, the Austex limited in its financials has not highlighted any point pertaining to its responsibility towards the society. On the other hand Caltex limited was very clear in this front. They have stated that they will work for sustainable growth and for shareholders value. They will extend their efforts towards reducing the impact of their operations towards environment. This Company has its own health and safety policy. This policy of the Company is approved by the OHS Environmental Risk Committee, and this committee requires Caltex to provide a safe and healthy workplace for all our people. This OHS Committee also motivates the Company to operate in a way that it will not adversely affect the health and safety of its neighbours, customers or the public. The Company also emphasis on health and safety measures and ensures that the same is embedded in the business planning process and entrenched in the culture of the organisation. Ethics in accounting are concerned with making the preparation, presentation and disclosure of financial information better in all regards. The financial statements of the Companies are important for the various stakeholders such as shareholders, money lenders, Banks, financial institutions and many others. So ethics in accounting will make the financial information in the statement better in all regards for these people, as these people rely on this statement before taking any financial decisions. Most financial accounting activities seem too concerned with matters like maximising shareholders wealth, helping distant and remote financial market and many others. The financial accounting has no obvious social and environmental interest. When comparing both companies financially, it came across that in terms of sales revenue Caltex ($24.6m) is way ahead of Austex ($16.9m). But this is not the correct factor to judge the performance of the Company. The Gross profit ratio of Austex limited comes at around 70% whereas the Gross profit ratio of Caltex just not stands near the Austex, it is around 7%. (Approx. 10 times of Austex GP ratio). There is difference in the primary activities of the Companies. Considering this factor, the expenses of Austex limited will be on a higher side as compared to Caltex limited being Austex is involved in exploring natural oil and gases. Considering the above factors when the net profit of both the companies are compared, it is found Austex limited went into losses amounting to $ 1.1m, whereas Caltex was having some profits amounting to $528K. The Austex limited is expected to increase its oil and natural gas exploration as the company continues to develop new wells with an intention of growth. Considering this vision of the Company, it has acquired more capital from the public during the year. ISO stands for International Organisation for Standardisation. This is the organisation that provides tools for managing and tackling the global challenges of todays modern world. (Website of ISO) ISO works for sustainable development that is providing the resources for meeting the present requirements without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ISO 14000 forces on environmental management systems. This ISO provides tools to the companies that will help them to improve their environmental performance and control their environment impact. This ISO provides framework to the companies to set up an effective environmental management system. Management, employees as well as external stakeholders can rely on this ISO for ensuring that the environmental impact is being measured and improved. The benefits of using ISO 14001 can include: Reduced cost of waste management. Savings in consumption of energy and materials Lower distribution costs Improved corporate image among regulators, customers and the public. Caltex Australia limited follows that ISO 14001. The Companys annual report is printed on an environmental responsible paper manufactured under the environmental management system. (ISO, 2014) ISO 26000 provides all the necessary guidelines to the companies so that they can operate effectively in the socially responsible way. By following the guidelines, the companies in todays world can act ethical and transparent way. By doing so, the company can contribute to the health and wealth of the society. Caltex being a company works to deliver sustainable growth and shareholders value. This company works in such way so as to ensure maximum growth for the investors and minimise its impact on the environment. (ISO, 2014) The conventional financial accounting is designed in such a way that it more likely to cause harm to society and to the environment. The profits of the companies are growing at the inevitable expense of social and environmental damage. Caltex Limited has tried to stop the above practise. Caltex limited has participated in the Commonwealth Energy Efficiency Opportunities Scheme and reported under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme and under the Carbon Disclosure Project. This kind of participation is important for the companies who wanted to address social responsibility. ISO 50001 stands for Energy management This ISO helps the organisation to save money by becoming energy efficient. This ISO provides different guidelines to conserve the resources and tackling the climate change. This ISO through various energy management systems tend to supports organisations in all sectors to become more energy efficient. ISO 50001 provides a framework of requirements for organizations to: Develop a policy for ensuring more efficient use of energy. Fix targets and objectives to meet out the policy. Use the data better in order to understand and make decisions about energy use. Measure the results. Review how well the policy so designed above works, and Continually improve energy management tool. As we all are aware in todays competitive world every organisation is planning to reduce is expenditure and energy is one of the major source which is being used by mostly all the companies to convert their raw material into finished goods. Through these energy management systems, the companies can plan to curtail its energy expenses. This is beneficial from financial as well as important for social prospective as it will help the companies to conserve the resources and tackle the climate change. Conclusion Considering the above points of discussions and looking at the financials state of both the companies and the ISO standards applications, The Caltex Australia Limited stands far better than Austex Limited. Caltex Limited has a strong background; this company is established in Australia from past more than 100 years. This Company through its convenience stores has reached to the ultimate customer and basis to their needs they have made necessary changes within its policies. Caltex limited is flowing ISO14001 and is meeting its corporate social responsibility with high stands. Caltex limited is profit wise more solid than with Austex limited, its strength is quite visible from its financials. References Annual Report of Caltex Australia, 2013; Available at: https://www.caltex.com.au/InvestorCentre/Documents/2013/2013%20Annual%20Report.pdf Annual Report of Austex Oil Limited, 2013; Available at: https://www.austexoil.com/irm/content/pdf/AusTex-2013-Annual-Report.pdf Official Website of ISO; Available at: https://www.iso.org/iso/home.html ISO 14000 Environmental Management; Available at: https://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/management-standards/iso14000.htm ISO 26000 Social Responsibility; Available at: https://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso26000.htm ISO 50001 Energy Management; Available at: https://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/management-standards/iso50001.htm ISO Standards in action; Available at: https://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/iso-in-action.htm

Love Essays (1600 words) - English-language Films,

Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, a main character in Nathaniel Hawthorne?s novel The Scarlet Letter, proves to be a sinner against man, against God and most importantly against himself because he has committed adultery with Hester Prynne, resulting in an illegitimate child, Pearl. His sinning against himself, for which he ultimately paid the price of death, proved to be more harmful and more destructive than this sin of the flesh, and his sin against God. Socrates said, ?Know thyself,? and Shakespeare said, ?To thine own self be true.? If Reverend Dimmesdale had been true to himself he certainly wouldn?t have suffered as much as he did. What drove Dimmesdale to hold in his self-condemning truth? To answer this, it?s necessary to examine the whole character of Reverend Dimmesdale while explaining his sinful situation. Dimmesdale is not ignorant, he is very well educated. As Hawthorne states, Rev. Mr. Dimmesdale; a young clergyman who had come from one of the great English universities, bri nging all the learning of the age into our wild forestland. His eloquence and religious fervor had already given the earnest of high eminence in his profession.? (Hawthorne 72) This man?s morals had, until the adultery, been high. He is very spiritual because on top of being of the Puritan faith, he is a minister of the word of God. Throughout most of the novel, Rev. Dimmesdale is forced to hide his guilt of being Hester?s partner in sin. When in reality, he is not being forced by anyone, but himself, for he is the one who chooses not to reveal his secret to the town. Dimmesdalehas a concealed sin that is, eating at him. He just doesn?t have the courage to admit his wrongs. He seems to be a coward during these seven years of living with guilt. There is a scene in chapter 3 where Rev. Dimmesdale states, ?Hester Prynne?If thou feelest it to be for thy soul?s peace, and that thy earthly punishment will thereby be made more effectual to salvation, I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow ?sinner and fellow- sufferer! Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him; for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life? What can thy silence do for him, except it tempt him-yea compel him as it were-to add hypocrisy to sin (73) In this scene it is almost as if we see Dimmesdale speaking as a hypocrite, himself! Dimmesdale portrays himself very ironically. He is a very well respected reverend and yet, has, for the last 7 years, worked on preaching the word of God, especially while he urges the congregation to confess openly to repent unto God. While, in reality, Dimmesdale is the one whoneeds a clean conscious. He feels like he needs to confess not only to the town but also too himself. Halfway through the novel Dimmesdale has yet to reveal the truth, which, so far, has been devouring him, physically and mentally. Since this good reverend is so spiritual, he cannot reveal his truths to the town so simply. He is of the Puritan faith and being a follower of that, the sin of adultery is a very grand sin. The whole town would look down on him as if he were a hypocrite. Which in fact, he is, but his sin of adultery in that town would have been scoffed at just as Hester?s has. The reverend is so well liked by the townsfolk that Hawthorne states, ?They fancied him the mouthpiece of Heaven?s messages of wisdom, rebuke, and love. In their eyes, the very ground on which he trod was sanctified.? ( 139 ) How else can the reverend live without revealing his identity? He has been doing it for seven years, and it must be hard for him, mentally and physically. Mentally, his whole body shuts down because he cannot take it anymore, even though he does not give in to confess yet. He has become emaciated because he has let the sin against himself churn inside and on